Mantis Shrimp Facts (Stomatopoda)

The mantis shrimp is not a shrimp, and except for the fact that its an arthropod, its not related to the praying mantis, either. Instead, mantis shrimps are 500 different species belonging to the order Stomatopoda. To distinguish them from true shrimp, mantis shrimps are sometimes called stomatopods. Mantis shrimps are known for their powerful claws, which they use to bludgeon or stab their prey. In addition to their fierce hunting method, mantis shrimps are also known for their extraordinary sense of sight. Fast Facts: Mantis Shrimp ï » ¿Scientific Name: Stomatopoda (e.g., Odontodactylus scyllarus)Other Names: Stomatopod, sea locust, thumb splitter, prawn killerDistinguishing Features: Eyes mounted on movable stalks that can move independently of one anotherAverage Size: 10 centimeters (3.9 in)Diet: CarnivorousLife Span: 20 yearsHabitat: Shallow tropical and subtropical marine environmentsConservation Status: Not evaluatedKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaSubphylum: CrustaceaClass: MalacostracaOrder: StomatopodaFun Fact: A strike from a mantis shrimp claw is so forceful it can shatter aquarium glass. Description There are over 500 species of mantis shrimps in a range of sizes and rainbow of colors. Like other crustaceans, the mantis shrimp has a carapace or shell. Its colors range from brown to vivid rainbow hues. The average mature mantis shrimp is around 10 centimeters (3.9 in) long, but some reach 38 centimeters (15 in). One was even documented at a length of 46 centimeters (18 in). The mantis shrimps claws are its most distinctive feature. Depending on the species, the second pair of appendage—known as raptorial claws—act as either clubs or spears. The mantis shrimp can use its claws to bludgeon or stab prey. Vision Stomatopods have the most complex vision in the animal kingdom, even exceeding that of butterflies. The mantis shrimp has compound eyes mounted on stalks, and can swivel them independently of one another to survey its surroundings. While humans have three types of photoreceptors, a mantis shrimps eyes have between 12 and 16 types of photoreceptor cells. Some species can even tune the sensitivity of their color vision. Peacock Mantis Shrimp (Odontodactylus scyllarus) eyes. Sirachai Arunrugstichai / Getty Images The cluster of photoreceptors, called ommatidia, are arranged in parallel rows into three regions. This gives each eye depth perception and trinocular vision. Mantis shrimps can perceive wavelengths from deep ultraviolet through the visible spectrum and into far red. They can also see polarized light. Some species can perceive circularly polarized light—an ability not found in any other animal species. Their exceptional vision gives the mantis shrimp a survival advantage in an environment that can range from bright to murky and allows them to see and gauge distance to shimmering or translucent objects. Distribution The mantis shrimp lives in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. Most species live in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Some species live in temperate marine environments. Stomatopods build their burrows in shallow water, including reefs, canals, and marshes. Behavior Mantis shrimps are highly intelligent. They recognize and remember other individuals by sight and smell, and they demonstrate an ability to learn. The animals have a complex social behavior, which includes ritualized fighting and coordinated activities between members of a monogamous pair. They use fluorescent patterns to signal each other and possibly other species. Reproduction and Life Cycle On average, a mantis shrimp lives 20 years. During its lifetime, it may breed 20 to 30 times. In some species, the only interaction between males and females occurs during mating. The female either lays eggs in her burrow or carries them around with her. In other species, shrimp mate in monogamous, life-long relationships, with both sexes caring for the eggs. After hatching, offspring spend three months as zooplankton before molting into their adult form. A peacock mantis shrimp carrying its egg ribbon, Anilao, Philippines. Brook Peterson/Stocktrek Images / Getty Images Diet and Hunting For the most part, the mantis shrimp is a solitary, reclusive hunter. Some species actively stalk prey, while other wait within the lair. The animal kills by rapidly unfolding its raptorial claws with an astounding acceleration of 102,000Â  m/s2 and speed of 23 mps (51 mph). The strike is so quick it boils water between the shrimp and its prey, producing cavitation bubbles. When the bubbles collapse, the resulting shockwave hits prey with an instantaneous force of 1500 newtons. So, even if the shrimp misses its target, the shockwave can stun or kill it. The collapsing bubble also produces weak light, known as sonoluminescence. Typical prey includes fish, snail, crabs, oysters, and other mollusks. Mantis shrimps will also eat members of their own species. Predators As zooplankton, newly hatched and juvenile mantis shrimp are eaten by a variety of animals, including jellyfish, fish, and baleen whales. As adults, stomatopods have few predators. Several species of mantis shrimp are eaten as seafood. Their meat is closer in flavor to lobster than shrimp. In many places, eating them carries the usual risks associated with eating seafood from contaminated waters. Conservation Status Over 500 species of mantis shrimps have been described, but relatively little is known about the creatures because they spend most of their time in their burrows. Their population status is unknown and their conservation status has not been evaluated. Some species are kept in aquaria. Sometimes they are unwelcome aquarium denizens, as they eat other species and can break glass with their claws. Otherwise, they are valued for their bright colors, intelligence, and ability to craft new holes in living rock. Sources Chiou, Tsyr-Huei et al. (2008) Circular Polarization Vision in a Stomatopod Crustacean. Current Biology, Vol 18, Issue 6, pp. 429-434. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.02.066Corwin, Thomas W. (2001). Sensory adaptation: Tunable colour vision in a mantis shrimp. Nature. 411 (6837): 547–8. doi:10.1038/35079184Patek, S. N.; Korff, W. L.; Caldwell, RL. (2004). Deadly strike mechanism of a mantis shrimp. Nature. 428 (6985): 819–820. doi:10.1038/428819aPiper, Ross (2007). Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-33922-8.

Evolution of Guy Montag - 1238 Words

Evolution of Guy Montag The novel Fahrenheit 451 is an acclaimed depiction of a dystopian world that employs firemen to destroy literature and the printed word. The protagonist, Guy Montag, faces internal as well as external conflicts during the novel. His character is constantly evolving throughout the course of the text. Fahrenheit 451 is essentially a bildungsroman due to the fact that the protagonist is so dynamic in character and continually changing. A bildungsroman is a novel in which the moral and psychological growth of the protagonist is depicted from the genesis to the denouement of the given work. At the onset of the novel Montag is a rule following conformist. He obeys the rules and regulations provided by his†¦show more content†¦The first hints of his rebellion surface when he hides books in his home. His wife completely disagrees with this and fears that he will get them killed. Though he is put in danger by his actions he is steadfast in his search for the truth. Once he begins to question the authorities he becomes even more determined to alter his ways so that he can be a source of positive change for others who are willing to join him. As Montag is becoming more and more rebellious, he finds a confidant in Faber. Faber was once a college professor but lost his job when things started to change and books were burned. Though he is somewhat of a coward who does not want to rebel due to the fact that he does no t want to face the consequences, he is a big help to Montag as he evolves. Montag is forced to burn his own house down and it seems as if all is coming to an end. At Hutchinson this point, he has lost his friend, his job, his relationship with his spouse, and his house. Despite all of these things, he continues on. He reaches the climax of his change from a brain washed conformist to a justice seeking citizen when he seeks revenge on his fellow firefighters, mainly his captain Beatty. Montag kills Captain Beatty and the city goes up in flames, though not by his hand. He seeks refuge with some squatters in the woods on the outskirts of the city who discovered their rebellious side just as Montag had. The novel ends with MontagShow MoreRelatedCharacterization Of A Hero In Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511272 Words   |  6 Pages451† stating that â€Å"Montag begins the novel ostensibly proud of his profession and settled in life, but we soon find that there is disquiet beneath the surface† (897). Throughout the continuation of the story, Guy Montag is the main character who ultimately refuses to be controlled by the dictated environment in which he lives. At one point in the novel, Montag lets his job blind him from what he knows as right and wrong. 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These characters play the most important role in creating the feel of the story. Bradbury comments on humanitys urge to suppress what they do not understand. Clarisse McClellan appearance, actions, ideas, and relationships give importantRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesof change in a society through the eyes of Guy Montag. In the fictitious story, Guy serves as one of many firemen in the community; rather than removing the fires, they set them upon books, which had prohibited and illegalized. After a series of events that transpired in the novel, Montag would begin to recognize the intellectual censorship caused by the absence of books; beginning his crusade to reintroduce them into culture. Just like the society, Montag evolved and changed over time; leading himRead More What are some of the key ideas and messages presented in the novel,1952 Words   |  8 Pagesperspective of Bradbury’s protagonist, Guy Montag. 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Bradbury’s character development is singularly impressive in this book because he shows the evolution of the main character, Guy Montag, â€Å"from book-burner to living-book† (Johnson 111). His maturity is displayed by his growing understanding of the world in which he lives and by seeing the flaws in his society. Bradbury illustrates Montag’s metamorphosis with himRead MoreThe Metamorphosis of Guy Montag Essay2184 Words   |  9 Pagesbooks that can be considered a classic. The adulation of this novel is due to its plethora of symbols, metaphors, and character development. Bradburys character development is singularly impressive in this book because he shows the evolution of the main character, Guy Montag, from book-burner to living -book (Johnson 111). His maturity is displayed by his growing understanding of the world in which he lives and by seeing the flaws in his society. 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Marketing Strategy And Plan Tesla Model 3 - Free Sample

Question: Describe about the Marketing Strategy and Plan for Tesla Model 3. Answer: Introduction Tesla Model 3 is the upcoming sensation in the market of automobile industry (Tesla.com, 2016). The main aim of the company is to make ownership of the car more affordable by a huge amount of people. The marketing plan will help the organization to target the customers and the design their promotions accordingly. The strategic analysis will talk about the political, economic and social/cultural analysis of the external market will help Tesla model 3 to thrive in the competitive market. The competitor analysis will make Tesla model 3 aware of the competitors in the market so that Tesla will know about the strategies of the competitors. Tesla will be able to design their strategy accordingly. Finally, recommendations will be given based on pricing, distribution and promotional strategy that they can implement to promote the business. Potential of the product Until date, Tesla has been preferring the high-end customers who would be interested in the high priced cars manufactured by Tesla. However, with the introduction Tesla model 3, the company has planned to target a mass market. The middle-income buyers will be able to fulfill their dream to own a Tesla (Kiley, 2016). The Tesla model 3 is priced in the range of $35,000 so that the middle-income group in the society could afford it. Going by the price, it can be said that the products has the potential to make the cars affordable to the middle-income group of the country The weight of Tesla model 3 is quite light as compared to the previous Tesla models. In addition to this, the model is directed towards the family with children. It has been said that one can sleep in the car due to the extra space in the car. The rear sets could be flattened by giving a space of 66 inches in the front. The flat surface will help in turning the cabin of the car into a tent (Branman, 2016). The customers who are having small children will be able to make them rest in the car. The interior of the car will be completely silent; hence, a baby will be able to sleep peacefully in the car if required. Thus, the car has the potential to attract the family buyers. It can be said that the B2C type of business will be best suited for the Tesla model 3 Strategic analysis Political The free trade agreement by the government of Australia has been beneficial for the Tesla. They will be able to supply parts of the car from different parts of world. In addition to this, it would not be an issue to export or import final made cars to different parts of the world (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2013). However, the presence of liberal-capitalist democracy makes the government interfere in the business of the international location. The government imposes the tax on the trade that is being done between the international locations. Economic The economic condition of Australia us quite stable. Australia, being a developed country, the customers will be able to afford high-priced products. As a result, the market of Tesla Model 3 will be strong. The added advantage of the Tesla model 3 is the lower price range of the car. Social/ Cultural It can be said that Australia is a multi-cultural nations. The footfall of the immigrants from different parts of the world is quite high. The economic status of the aboriginals is rising as well as the footfalls of the migrants from some of the developed countries of the world are also high. Thus, for Tesla it would be easy to attract the people who have migrated to Australia and have tight budget to live in the country. Hence, it can be said that the presence of multi-cultural people and the migrants will be helpful for the management of Tesla. Competition Analysis Competition is one of the major factors in the external market. The three major competitors for Tesla in the market of Australia are: Holden Controlled and owned by American general motors, GM Holden Ltd is car manufacturers in Australia (Holden.com.au, 2016). Holden was at the peak of the business during 1950s. The Holden special vehicles is an official partner of Holden. The official partner helps in converting Holden Marques like Ute, Commodre and Caprice. Holden is suffering from an economic downturn. As a result, Holden might stop their production in the year, 2017. Ford Ford is one of the major automobile brands in the market of Australia. It started its operations in the year 1925 as being an associated company for the Ford Motor Company located in the United States (Ford.com.au, 2016). The best part of Ford is that it has the high-volume engines that are being manufactured by them. The Australian unit of ford mainly concentrated on the sports section. In spite of being in e of the successful company, it has been suffering financial issues since the year, 2013. Toyota The origin of Toyota is mainly in Japan with a strong presence in Australia since the year, 1958 (toyota.com.au, 2016). In the years 1978, Toyota manufactured gearboxes and engines in the factory present in Altona, Victoria. By the year, 1992, Toyota manufactured 1million cars. The number doubled in the next decade. The performance of Toyota has been able to surpass the sale Holden by 200 new cars. However, the major drawback of the company is that due to the economic issues, the factory of Toyota is Australia has been due a shutdown in the year 2017. Recommendation for the pricing strategy Pricing Strategy The pricing strategy of Tesla Model 3 should be done by keeping in mind the middle-income group (McKenzie-Mohr, 2013). Thus, the price of the cars should be cheaper than other model that have been previously manufactured by the company. Distribution Tesla should use different types of distribution strategy like: Direct to end users Using the online sites will be helpful for Tesla. The sales team would not take part in the sale but the product would be sold direct to the customers (Mols, 2013). Selling through dealer network Separating the dealers based on the geographical area. The dealer will help the company to know the choice of the customers in that area and that will help in increasing the sales of the company (Jobber Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). Promotion The principle promotional strategy that could be used by Tesla Model 3 is with the help of electronic media (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2013). Tesla should focus on the advertisements that show families travelling in the car. The extra space should be highlighted in the advertisements. In addition to this, the cheaper price of Tesla as compared to other cars should be highlighted in the advertisements. Conclusion After going through the strategic analysis of Australia and the competitors in the market, it can be concluded that Tesla will have a favorable market in Australia. The competitors of Australia have been performing well in the market. However, all the three competitors are suffering from economic downturn. Hence, Tesla model 3 should take opportunity of the downturn. The economic and social analysis reveals that the market of Australia would be perfect for Tesla to launch the model 3. The migrated population is always will prefer the car that are comparatively cheaper than other models that have been launched by the company. The two distribution strategies that have been used by the company are direct to end users and selling through dealer network. References Branman, M. (2016).TESLA MODEL 3 PERFORMANCE, SPECS, AND NEWS.Digitaltrends.com. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from https://www.digitaltrends.com/cars/tesla-model-3-performance-specs-news-rumors/ Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A. (2013).International marketing. Cengage Learning. Ford.com.au,. (2016).Ford Australia - New Cars, SUVs, Utes Commercial vehicles..Ford.com.au. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from https://www.ford.com.au/ Holden.com.au,. (2016).Holden Australia - Discover New Possibilities.Holden.com.au. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from https://www.holden.com.au/ Jobber, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012).Principles and practice of marketing(No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kiley, D. (2016).Forbes Welcome.Forbes.com. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidkiley5/2016/03/30/tesla-model-3-could-be-timed-perfectly-for-mass-market-electric-driving/#6d8994b22ce8 McKenzie-Mohr, D. (2013).Fostering sustainable behavior: An introduction to community-based social marketing. New society publishers. Mols, N. P. (2013). The Internet and the banks strategic distribution channel decisions.International Journal of Bank Marketing. Tesla.com,. (2016).Model 3 | Tesla Australia.Tesla.com. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from https://www.tesla.com/en_AU/model3?redirect=no toyota.com.au,. (2016).New Cars Toyota Australia: Prices, Service Centres, Dealers, Test Drives.toyota.com.au. Retrieved 26 September 2016, from https://www3.toyota.com.au/home